The invitro development of the harpoon in insect tissue culture medium. Cells were acetone/Triton-X 100 (Sigma) fixed and permeated, then stained with Sytox Green (Molecular Probes).

In vitro autosporulation of vegetative stages of helicosporidia. Cells were acetone/Triton-X 100 (Sigma) fixed and permeated, then stained with 2mg/mL Calcofluor White MR2.

TEM

TEM of the dehiscement event.

In vitro development of the filament to vegetative cell.

Vegetative cell of helicosporidia cultured in vitro.