The males have horn-like projections on their pronotum that distinguish them from the females. Females retain their egg cases (oothecae) in the abdomen until nymphal hatch. This gives the impression that they give birth to live young. These cockroaches are known for their ability to produce a hissing sound by expelling air from their breathing holes (spiracles) along the sides of the abdomen. These cockroaches may live for five years.

Hissing cockroaches are famous in Hollywood productions. They have been seen in many movies (Damnnation Alley, Starship Troopers, etc.) and are often kept as pets in science classrooms. However, it is illegal in many U.S. states, including Florida, to keep individuals or colonies of this cockroach without a permit from the state agricultural department.

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