ncleppla@ufl.edu

(50% Research, 45% Extension, 5% Teaching)

• B.S., Arizona State University (Zoology), 1968
• M.S., Arizona State University (Zoology), 1970
• Ph.D., University of Arizona (Entomology/ Biological Sciences), 1972

• Professor and IPM Coordinator (2001-present), University of Florida.
• Professor (1999-2001), University of Florida.
• Professor and Center Director (1997-1998), University of Florida.
• Associate Director (1995-1996), USDA, APHIS, National Biological Control Institute.
• Chief (1992-1994), USDA, APHIS, Plant Protection and Quarantine, Methods Development.
• Director (1989-1992), USDA, APHIS, Science and Technology, Methods Development.
• Research Leader (1988-1989), USDA, ARS, Biological Control of Pests Research Lab.
• Research Entomologist (1972 - 1988), USDA, ARS, Insect Attractants, Behavior, and Basic Biology Research Laboratory.

• Conduct integrated pest management (IPM) and biological control research, extension and education
• Identify, develop and implement new pest management technologies in collaboration with public and private organizations
• Establish partnerships among international, national, state and private sector organizations to resolve technical problems in implementing IPM and biological control
• Develop entrepreneurial initiatives that advance IPM and biological control, particularly among private sector producers and suppliers
• Provide consultation on IPM, biological control, insect rearing and quality control, regulatory entomology, and related subjects
• Apply knowledge to help improve Florida’s agricultural productivity and profitability, protect human health and property, and preserve natural resources

• Commercialize natural enemies for pests of agriculture, communities, and natural environments
• Coordinate development of IPM systems based on sustainable practices

• Accelerate the implementation of new pest management technologies in collaboration with public and private organizations
• Improve the productivity, profitability and safety of agriculture in Florida by expanding augmentation and conservation approaches to the biological control of pests
• Provide education and training in IPM to manage pests in urban and natural environments

• Mentor graduate students, chair and serve on Ph.D., M.S. and D.P.M. committees, and direct graduate research and extension projects
• Deliver lectures in IPM and biological control (ENY 5241), and supervise Selected Studies in Entomology (ENY 6934)
• Develop interdisciplinary curricula for the Entomology and Nematology Department, and Plant Medicine Program

• Designed, established and served as Director of the first comprehensive statewide IPM program for the University of Florida
• Led consolidation of the Mid-Florida Research and Education Center and supervised construction of a new facility
• Cooperatively established the Mole Cricket Task Force to commercialize and widely distributed a nematode for mole cricket biological control
• Led methods development support for USDA, APHIS to respond to serious pest outbreaks that threatened American agriculture, including collaboratively designing and establishing the National Biological Control Institute
• Established the first research laboratory specifically to develop arthropod rearing technology in support of the commercial biological control industry and served as Research Leader
• Conducted research in insect colonization, mass production and quality control that cooperatively established this sub-discipline of entomology

• 2008 UF/IFAS, Extension Gold Image Award (IPM Guide)
• 2007 IOBC, Certificate of Appreciation (AMRQC co-chairman)
• 2007 ESA, Certificate of Appreciation, Environmental Entomology Editorial Board
• 2006 Florida Entomological Society, Entomologist of the Year Award
• 2006 Association of Natural Bio-control Producers, Honorary Appointment, Liaison
• 2006 IOBC, Workshop on Rearing Quality Insects, Certificate of Appreciation
• 2006 UF/IFAS, Extension Gold Image Awards
• 2005 Entomological Society of America, Southeastern Branch, Award for Excellence in IPM
• 2003 Florida Entomological Society Team award for mole cricket biological control
• 2003 Certificate of Appreciation, Co-leader, Tropical Fruit Fly Workshop, Grenada
• 2002 UF/IFAS, Jim App Award for Outstanding Design Team in Extension
• 2001 International Master Gardener Conference, Certificate of Appreciation
• 1999 4th Caribbean Conference of Entomology, Certificate of Appreciation
• 1999 Association of Natural Bio-control Producers, Award for Leadership
• 1999 ESA, Award for Service, Committee on Public Information
• 1998 Association of Natural Bio-control Producers, Certificate of Appreciation
• 1997 U.S. Vice-President’s National Award for Transgenic Arthropod Regulation
• 1995 ESA, Award for Contributions as Director of Certification
• 1995 USDA Group Honor Award for Excellence, leadership in whitefly management
• 1993 U.S. President’s Commendation, Special Representative to the Northern Mariana Islands
• 1993 USDA Achievement Award for Gypchek virus development
• 1993 USDA Achievement Award, Implementing the National Biological Control Institute

Books Edited


• Leppla, N.C. 1970. The Ecology and Behavior of Cysteodemus armatus LeConte (Coleoptera: Meloidae). M.S. Thesis, Arizona State University. 68 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1972. Reproductive Behavior of the Pink Bollworm Moth. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Arizona. 99 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and T.R. Ashley. 1978. Facilities for Insect Research and Production. USDA Tech. Bull. l576. 86 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1979. Sociobiology of Sex. Florida Entomologist Vol. 62. 34 p.
• Dickerson, W.A., J.D. Hoffman, E.G. King, N.C. Leppla, and T.M. O Dell. 1980. Arthropod Species in Culture in the United States and Other Countries. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Monograph. 93 p.
• King, E.G., and N.C. Leppla. 1984. Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC. 306 p.
• Edwards, D.R., N.C. Leppla, and W.A. Dickerson. 1986. Arthropod Species in Culture. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 49 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and D.H. Habeck. 1988. Caribbean Fruit Fly Eradication in Florida: Supportive Research and Technology. 36 p.
• Anderson, T.E., and N.C. Leppla. 1992. Advances in Insect Rearing for Research and Pest Management. Westview Press. Boulder, Colorado. 519 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and A. Malavasi. 1994. Fruit Flies of the Western Hemisphere, Proc. of the First Meeting of the IOBC Working Group. San Jose, Costa Rica. November 1992. 32 p.
• Nicoli, G., M. Benuzzi, and N.C. Leppla. 1994. Proceedings, Seventh Workshop of the IOBC Global Working Group on “Quality Control of Mass Reared Arthropods.” IOBC, Rimini, Italy; September 13-16, 1993. 237 p.
• Parker, A.G., D.A. Dame, U. Feldmann, I. Kabore, N.C. Leppla, J. Hendrichs, I. Malele, G. Mutika, and D. Orozaco. 2002. Developing Product Quality Control for Standardization of Tsetse Mass Production. FAO, IAEA, Vienna. 60 p.
• Grenier, S., P. De Clercq, and N.C. Leppla . 2003. Arthropod Mass Rearing and Quality Control, the 10th Workshop, IOBC Working Group. Montpellier, Fr., IOBC, WPRS. 54 p.
• Leppla, N.C., K.A. Bloem, and R.F. Luck. 2003. Quality Control for Mass-Reared Arthropods, the 8th and 9th Workshops of the IOBC Working Group on Quality Control of Mass-Reared Arthropods. Santa Barbara, CA & Cali, Colombia. IOBC, WPRS. 171 p.
• Gillett, J.L., H.N. HansPetersen, N.C. Leppla, and D.D. Thomas. 2006. Grower’s IPM Guide for Florida Tomato and Pepper Production. University of Florida, Extension. 206 p.


Book Chapters


• Leppla, N.C., and E.W. Hamilton. 1977. Actographic monitoring of Anastrepha suspensa colonies, pp. 39-40. In D.L. Chambers and E.F. Boller (Eds.), Quality Control: An Idea Book for Fruit Fly Workers. International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants Bulletin SROP-WPRS, 1977/5. 162 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1977. “Introduction,” Monitoring production, pp. 123-124. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C. 1977. Life history measurements of Anastrepha suspensa, pp. 133-135. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.K. Turner. 1977. Respirometric monitoring of Anastrepha suspensa colonies, pp. 156-158. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C., D.L. Chambers, and E.F. Boller. 1977. A proposed system for implementing quality control in a pest management program, pp. 159-162. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C., and S.L. Carlyle. 1978. Modular room for modification of ambient laboratory environments, pp. 28-29. In N.C. Leppla and T.R. Ashley (Eds.), Facilities for Insect Research and Production. USDA Tech. Bull. No 1576. 86p.
• Leppla, N.C., S.L. Carlyle, C.W. Green, and W.J. Pons. 1978. A custom insect rearing facility, pp. 66-70. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C., W.R. Fisher, J.R. Rye and C.W. Green. 1982. Lepidopteran mass rearing: An inside view, pp. 123-133. In Sterile Insect Technique and Radiation in Insect Control. International Atomic Energy Agency SM-255/14.
• Leppla, N.C., P.V. Vail, and J.R. Rye. 1984. Mass rearing the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, pp. 248-254. In E.G. King and N.C. Leppla (Eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, U.S. Govt. Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 306p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1984. Systems management of insect population suppression programs based on mass production of biological control organisms, pp. 292-294. Ibid.
• Fisher, W.R., and N.C. Leppla. 1985. Insectary design and operation, pp. 167-183. In P. Singh and R.F. Moore (Eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. 1. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam. 488 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1985. Anticarsia gemmatalis, pp. 189-196. Vol. 2, Ibid. 514 p.
• Guy, R.H., N.C. Leppla, J.R. Rye, C.W. Green, S.L. Barrette, and K.A. Hollien. 1985. Trichoplusia ni, pp. 487-494. Vol. 2, Ibid. 514 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1989. Laboratory colonization of fruit flies, pp. 91-103. In A.S. Robinson and G. Hooper (Eds.), World Crop Pests, Vol. 3 B, Fruit Flies, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 447 p.
• Koehler, P.G., N.C. Leppla, and R.S. Patterson. 1990. Circadian rhythm in the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonoptera: Pulicidae), pp. 661-665. In Chronobiology: Its Role in Clinical Medicine, General Biology, and Agriculture, Part B. Wiley-Liss, New York.
• Leppla, N.C., and A.A. Guerra. 1990. Aplicaciones de la colonizacion y produccion masiva de insectos en control biologico, pp. 114-124. In Miscelanea Sociedad Colombiana de Entomologia, No. 17.
• Dickerson, W.A., and N.C. Leppla. 1992. The Insect Rearing Group and the development of insect rearing as a profession, pp. 3-7. In T.E. Anderson and N.C. Leppla (Eds.), Advances in Insect Rearing for Research and Pest Management. Westview Press. Boulder, CO. 519 p.
• Leppla, N.C., E.S. Delfosse, and R.S. Soper. 1995. Technical and regulatory constraints to international cooperation in biological control, pp. 385-395. In D. Gerling (Ed.), Bemesia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management. Intercept Lt., Andover, Hants., UK. 702 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.G. Eden. 1999. Facilities and Procedures to Prevent the Escape of Insects from Large-Scale Rearing Operations, pp. 186-190. In R.P. Kahn and S.B. Bathur (Eds). Plant Protection and Quarantine Concepts, Containment Facilities. Amer. Phytopath. Soc. Press, St. Paul, Minnesota. 213 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 2002. Rearing of Insects, pp. 975-979. In V.H. Resh and R. Carde (Eds.) Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, San Diego, California. 1266 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 2003. Aspects of total quality control for the production of natural enemies, pp. 19-24. In J.C. van Lenteren (Ed.), Quality Control of Natural Enemies Used in Biological Pest Control: Theoretical Background and Development of Testing Procedures. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, UK. 327 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 2004. The Basics of Insect Rearing, pp. 1862-1868. In J.L. Capinera (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology, Vol. 3. Kluwer, Boston. 2580 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and B.C. Larson. 2004. Quality Control Methods for the Production of Natural Enemies. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Marcel Dekker, NY. 4 p.
• Osborne, L.S., N.C. Leppla, and R.S. Osborne. 2004. Biological Control of Foliage Pests, pp. 385-394. In K.M. Heinz, R.G. Van Driesche, and M.P. Parrella (Eds.), Biological Control of Arthropod Pests in Protected Culture. Ball Publishing, Batavia, IL. 552 p.
• Boller, E.F., and N.C. Leppla. 2006. Global Working Group on Arthropod Mass Rearing and Quality Control (1968-present), pp. 129-134. In E.F. Boller, J.C. van Lenteren, and V. Delucchi (Eds.), International Organization for Biological Control of Noxious Animals and Plants, History of the First 50 Years (1956-2006). IOBC, OILB, Ponsen & Looijen, Waginingen, Netherlands. 275 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 2006. Introduction, Chapter 1. Grower’s IPM Guide for Florida Tomato & Pepper Production. UF, IFAS, Extension, IPM Florida.
• Frank, J.H., and N.C. Leppla. 2008. Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) and Their Biological Control, pp. 2442-2449. In J.L. Capinera (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd Edition. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
• Leppla, N.C. 2008. The Lovebug, pp. 2243-2249. In J.L. Capinera (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd Edition. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
• Leppla, N.C., and F.M. Davis. 2009. Introduction, Chapter 1. Principles and Procedures for Rearing High Quality Insects, Mississippi State University Press. (in press)
• Leppla, N.C. 2009. The Foundation of Quality Control for Insect Rearing. Ibid. (in press).


Refereed Publications


• Leppla, N.C., and H.G. Spangler. 1971. A flight-cage actograph for recording circadian periodicity of pink bollworm moths. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 64:1431-1434.
• Leppla, N.C. 1972. Calling behavior during pheromone release in the female pink bollworm. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 65:281-282.
• Leppla, N.C., S.L. Carlyle, and T.C. Carlysle. 1974. Effects of surface sterilization and automatic collection on cabbage looper eggs. Journal of Economic Entomology 67:33-36.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.L. Nutting. 1974. Circadian rhythms and the influence of photoperiod on mating frequency in pink bollworm moths. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 9:54-58.
• Leppla, N.C., L.N. Standifer, and E.H. Erickson, Jr. 1974. Culturing larvae of blister beetles on diets containing different pollens collected by honeybees. Journal of Apicultural Research 13:243-247.
• Leppla, N.C., J.L. Sharp, W.K. Turner, E.W. Hamilton, and D.R. Bennett. 1974. Rhythmic activity of Plecia nearctica. Environmental Entomology 3:323-326.
• Leppla, N.C. 1974. Influence of density, age, and sex ratio on mating in pink bollworm moths. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 9:193-198.
• Sharp, J.L., N.C. Leppla, D.R. Bennett, W.K. Turner, and E.W. Hamilton. 1974. Flight ability of Plecia nearctica in the laboratory. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 67:735-738.
• Leppla, N.C., J.D. Solomon, and R.E. Doolittle. 1975. Culturing the carpenterworm. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68:683-685.
• Carlyle, S.L., N.C. Leppla, and E.R. Mitchell. 1975. Cabbage looper: A labor reducing oviposition cage. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 10:232-234.
• Leppla, N.C., S.L. Carlyle, W.J. Pons, and E.R. Mitchell. 1975. Use of a rodent rearing container for culturing insects. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 10:326-327.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.K. Turner. 1975. Carbon dioxide output and mating in adult cabbage looper moths exposed to discrete light regimes. Journal of Insect Physiology 21:1233-1236.
• Antonio, A.Q., J.R. McLaughlin, N.C. Leppla, and C.W. Green. 1975. Culturing the lesser peachtree borer. Journal of Economic Entomology 68:309-310.
• Leppla, N.C., T.C. Carlysle, and R.H. Guy. 1975. Reproductive systems and the mechanics of copulation in Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 4:299-306.
• Leppla, N.C. 1975. Habits of the hypertrophic blister beetle, Cysteodemus armatus. Southwestern Naturalist 21:49-54.
• Leppla, N.C. 1976. Circadian rhythms of locomotion and reproductive behavior in adult velvetbean caterpillars. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 69:45-48.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.K. Turner. 1976. Circadian rhythms of locomotion in adult Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist 59:61-62.
• Leppla, N.C. 1976. Starch compounds as adjunct gelling agents in larval diet of the cabbage looper. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 11:251-254.
• Greene, G.L., N.C. Leppla, and W.A. Dickerson. 1976. Velvetbean caterpillar: A rearing procedure and artificial medium. Journal of Economic Entomology 69:487-488.
• Spencer, N.R., N.C. Leppla, and G.A. Presser. 1976. Sodium alginate in cabbage looper diet. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 20:39-42.
• Leppla, N.C., M.D. Huettel, D.L. Chambers, and W.K. Turner. 1976. Comparative life history and respiratory activity of “wild” and colonized Caribbean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Entomophaga 21:353-357.
• Leppla, N.C., T.R. Ashley, R.H. Guy, and G.D. Butler. 1977. Laboratory life history of the velvetbean caterpillar. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 70:217-220.
• Turner, W.K., N.C. Leppla, V. Chew, and F.L. Lee. 1977. Light quality influences on carbon dioxide output and mating of cabbage looper moths. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 70:259-263.
• Buschman, L.L., W.H. Whitcomb, R.C. Hemenway, D.L. Mays, N. Ru, N.C. Leppla, and B.J. Smittle. 1977. Predators of velvetbean caterpillar eggs in Florida soybeans. Environmental Entomology 6:403-407.
• Leppla, N.C., E.W. Hamilton, R.H. Guy, and F.L. Lee. 1979. Circadian rhythms of locomotion in six noctuid species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 72:209-215.
• Leppla, N.C., J.D. Solomon, and W.J. Pons. 1979. Sexing carpenterworm larvae. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society 14:144-148.
• Wood, J.R., S.L. Poe, and N.C. Leppla. 1979. Winter survival of fall armyworm pupae in Florida. Environmental Entomology 8:249-252.
• Ashley, T.R., E.R. Mitchell, N.C. Leppla, and E.E. Grissell. 1980. Parasites attacking fall armyworm larvae, Spodoptera frugiperda, in late-planted field corn. Florida Entomologist 63:136-142.
• Leppla, N.C., and R.H. Guy. 1980. Survival and dispersal of laboratory-adapted and wild-type cabbage looper larvae. Environmental Entomology 9:385-388.
• Leppla, N.C., R.H. Guy, D.L. Chambers, and R.B. Workman. 1980. Laboratory colonization of a noctuid moth. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 73:568-571.
• Webb, J.C., H.R. Agee, N.C. Leppla, and C.O. Calkins. 198l. Monitoring insect quality. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers) 24:476-479.
• Leppla, N.C. 1981. The Florida entomological club. Florida Entomologist 64:358-360.
• Leppla, N.C., M.D. Huettel, D.L. Chambers, T.R. Ashley, D.H. Miyashita, T.T.Y. Wong, and E.J. Harris. 1983. Strategies for colonization and maintenance of the Mediterranean fruit fly. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 33:89-96.
• Heath, R.R., J.H. Tumlinson, N.C. Leppla, J.R. McLaughlin, B. Dueben, E. Dundulis, and R.H. Guy. 1983. Identification of a sex pheromone produced by female velvetbean caterpillar moth. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9:645-656.
• Leppla, N.C. 1983. Chemically mediated isolation between cabbage looper and soybean looper moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Environmental Entomology 12:1760-1765.
• Leppla, N.C., T.E. Nelson, J.R. Peterson, and G.W. Adams. 1983. Flight and reproduction of velvetbean caterpillar moths in continuous zero gravity aboard the space shuttle Columbia. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 29:10-13.
• Leppla, N.C., and J.M. Freeman. 1985. A failsafe device for controlled environment chambers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78:863-864.
• Leppla, N.C., and G.K. Claire. 1985. An attempt to induce pupation in carpenterworm larvae. Florida Entomologist 68:495-496.
• Wales, P.J., C.S. Barfield, and N.C. Leppla. 1985. Activity of velvetbean caterpillar moths recorded by a new actograph. Physiological Entomology 10:463-465.
• Landolt, P.J., R.R. Heath, and N.C. Leppla. 1986. (Z,Z,Z)-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z) heneicosatriene as sex pheromone components of Mocis disseverans (Walker). Environmental Entomology 15:1272-1274.
• Leppla, N.C., R.H. Guy, R.R. Heath, and B. Dueben. 1987. Laboratory Studies of the courtship of the velvetbean caterpillar moth, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80:278-283.
• Koehler, P.G., H.R. Agee, N.C. Leppla, and R.S. Patterson. 1987. Spectral sensitivity and behavioral response to light quality in the German cockroach. (Orthoptera: Blattellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80:820-822.
• Heath, R.R., P.J. Landolt, N.C. Leppla, and B.D. Dueben. 1987. Identification of a male produced pheromone of Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males. Journal of Chemical Ecology 14:1121-1129.
• Singh, P., N.C. Leppla, and F. Adams. 1988. Feeding behavior and dietary substrates for rearing larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Florida Entomologist 71:380-384.
• Leppla, N.C., P. G. Koehler, and H.R. Agee. 1989. Circadian rhythms of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blatellidae): Locomotion in response to different photoperiods and wavelengths of light. Journal of Insect Physiology 35:63-66.
• Leppla, N.C., and W.R. Fisher. 1989. Total quality control in insect mass production for insect pest management. Journal of Applied Entomology 108:452-461.
• Leppla, N.C., and T.R. Ashley. 1989. Quality control in insect mass production: A review and model. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America Winter 1989:33-44.
• Leppla, N.C., and D.W. Williams. 1992. Mass rearing beneficial insects and the renaissance of biological control. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 27:231-238.
• Honda, J.Y., M. Han, and N.C. Leppla. 1996. Sodium polyacrylamide polyacrylate, a gelling agent in diets for cabbage looper, omnivorous looper and western avocado leafroller. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 81:175-180.
• Leppla, N.C. 1996. Environmentally Friendly Methods for Reducing the Damage Caused by Exotic Weeds in Natural Habitats. Castanea 61:214-225.
• Leppla, N.C., and E.G. King. 1996. The role of parasitoid and predator production in technology transfer of field crop biological control. Entomophaga 41:343-360.
• Leppla, N.C. 1997. Recent progress and problems in the quality control of mass-reared insects. National Institute of Sericultural and Entomological Science 22:21-22.
• Leppla, N.C., and B.C. Larson. 2004. Quality Control Methods for the Production of Natural Enemies. Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Marcel Dekker, NY. 4 p.
• Leppla, N.C., J.H. Frank, N. Vicente, and A. Pantoja. 2004. A Commercial Nematode for Mole Cricket Control. Proceedings of the Caribbean Food Crops Society 40:249-254.
• Leppla, N.C., J.H. Frank, M.B. Adjei, and N.E. Vicente. 2005. Management of Pest Mole Crickets in Florida and Puerto Rico with a Nematode and Parasitic Wasp. Florida Entomologist 90:229-233.
• Sonke, D.J., J.L. Gillett, and N.C. Leppla. 2005. Chemsearch: a searchable pesticide database for tropical fruit crops. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 118:218-220.
• Adjei, M.B., G.C. Smart, Jr., J.H. Frank, and N.C. Leppla. 2006. Distribution of Beneficial Nematodes for the Control of Pest Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) on Pasture. Florida Entomologist 89:532-535.
• Tifft, K.H., N.C. Leppla, L.S. Osborne, and J.P. Cuda. 2006. Rearing Diomus terminatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera: Aphididae). Florida Entomologist 89:263-265.
• Vicente N.E., J.H. Frank, and N.C. Leppla. 2006. Use of beneficial nematodes against pest mole crickets in Puerto Rico, pp. 180-186. In H.L. Santiago and W.L. Lugo, Food Safety and Value Added Production and Marketing in Tropical Crops, Proceedings 42nd Annual Meeting, Caribbean Food Crops Society, San Juan, PR
• Frank, J.H., N.E. Vicente, and N.C. Leppla. 2007. A history of mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) in Puerto Rico. Insecta Mundi 0004:1-10.
• Frank, J.H., N.C. Leppla, R.K. Sprenkel, A.C. Blount, and R.F. Mizell, III. 2008. Larra bicolor (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): its distribution throughout Florida. Insecta Mundi 0063:1-5.
• Legaspi, J.C., C. Gardner, G. Queeley, N.C. Leppla, J.P. Cuda, and B.C. Legaspi, Jr. 2008. Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of hot pepper, and insect pests and their natural enemies. Subtropical Plant Science 59:75-84.
• Gillett-Kaufman, J.L., N.C. Leppla, A.C. Hodges, and J.L. Merritt. 2009. Education and Training to Increase Adoption of IPM for Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Florida Entomologist 92:18-23.
• Portman, S.L., J.H. Frank, R. McSorley, and N.C. Leppla. 2009. Fecundity of Larra bicolor (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) and its Implications in Parasitoid: Host Interaction with Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus). Florida Entomologist 92:58-63.
• Johnson, F.A., N.C. Leppla, and J.L. Merritt. 2008. Building Roads and Bridges for IPM in Florida: a Tribute to Madeline and Charles Mellinger of Glades Crop Care. Florida Entomological Society annual meeting. Florida Entomologist 92:400-403.
• Thomas, D.D., and N. C. Leppla. 2008. The likelihood and consequences of introduction of the spherical mealybug, Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead), into Florida, and its potential effect on citrus production. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society 121: 152-155.
• Leppla, N.C., D.A. Herbert, and D.D. Thomas. 2009. The Functions, Evolution and Benefits of State Integrated Pest Management Programs. American Entomologist (in press)


Non-Refereed Publications


• Leppla, N.C. 1977. Research on mass rearing, pp. 118-121. In Proceedings FAO/IAEA Training Course on Use of Radioisotopes and Radiation in Entomology, Univ. Fla.
• Turner, W.K., N.C. Leppla, R.H. Guy, and F.L. Lee. 1977. Method for Continuously Monitoring the CO2 Output of Caged Insects: Potential Applications in Qualty of Colonized Insects. Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, ARS-S-166.
• Leppla, N.C. 1978. Publication of entomological techniques. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 24:21-22.
• Leppla, N.C., P.V. Vail, and J.R. Rye. 1979. Mass rearing and handling for the cabbage looper, pp. 59-75. In Proceedings FAO/IAEA Training Course on Use of Radioisotopes and Radiation in Entomology, Univ. Fla.
• Leppla, N.C., and J.R. Rye. 1979. Introduction to insect rearing, pp. 76-77. Ibid
• Leppla, N.C. 1979. Insect colonies: White rats or white elephants. Insecticide and Acaricide Tests. 4:2-3.
• Leppla, N.C. 1981. Introduction to insect mass rearing, pp. 19-33. In Proceedings FAO/IAEA Training Course on Use of Radioisotopes and Radiation in Entomology, Univ. Fla.
• Rye, J.R., N.C. Leppla, W.R. Fisher, and C. W.Green. 1981. Rearing of noctuid moths, pp. 34-51. Ibid.
• Leppla, N.C., and F. Adams. 1986. Insect mass rearing technology, principles and applications. Ibid.
• Barfield, C.S., and N.C. Leppla. 1986. The Florida Entomological Society’s First Caribbean Conference of Entomology. Florida Entomol. 69:1-2.
• Gomes, P.J., M.C. Holmes, K.R. Laken, N.C. Leppla, R.G. Lueckel, C.E. Miller, M.T. Sebrechts, M.J. Shannon, R.G. Spaide, A.G. West, and R.W. Werge. 1990. Strategic Plan for Dealing With Fruit Flies. USDA, APHIS. 21 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and E. Ozaki. 1991. Methods Development support for controlling fruit flies in Hawaii, pp. 242-251. In Fighting Alien Fruit Flies in the Unique Hawaiian Environment, Conference Proceedings. 269 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1991. A common or unified quarantine perspective, pp. 9. In J.R. Coulson, R.S. Soper, and D.W. Williams (Eds.), Proc. Workshop, Biological Control Quarantine: Needs and Procedures. Baltimore, Maryland. ARS-99. 336 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1991. Introduction of a wild strain and mass rearing of medfly, pp. 148-154. In K. Kawasaki, O. Iwahasai, and K.Y. Kaneshiro (Eds.), Proc. Int. Symp. on Biology and Control of Fruit Flies. Okinawa, Japan. 360 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1992. Biological control revisited, pp. 1-7. In K.W. Gotschalk and M.J. Twery (Eds.), Proc. USDA Interagency Gypsy Moth Research Forum. Annapolis, Maryland. General Technical Report NE-170. 64 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1992. The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service cooperative action plan to control the sweetpotato whitefly, pp. 81-83. In R.M. Faust (Ed.), Conference Report and 5-Year National Research and Action Plan for Development of Management and Control Methodology for the Sweetpotato Whitefly. USDA, ARS-107. 165 p.
• Leppla, N.C., J. Vorgetts, D. Lusche, and R.L. Mangan. 1992. ARS, APHIS, and other agency interactions, Part 1, pp. 25-34. In Quarantine Workshop for Horticultural Commodities. USDA, ARS. 124p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1993. Federal perspectives in biological control, pp. 5-12. In R.C. McDonald, J.D. Harper, and W.A. Dickerson (Eds.), Biological Control: Developing Strategies for the 90’s. Raleigh, North Carolina. 79 p.
• Leppla, N.C., D.B. Gates, and M.B. Stefan. 1993. APHIS Reports, pp. 65-77. In R.M. Faust and J.R. Coppedge (Eds.), Fruit Fly Research: 1993 Supplement to the USDA-ARS Action Plan. USDA, ARS-120. 109 p.
• Leppla, N.C., and J.R. Coulson. 1994. Biological control coordination and advocation: A symposium of the XIX International Congress of Entomology. Beijing, China; June 28-July 4, 1992, pp. 7-8. In F. Bigler (Ed.), IOBC Newsletter 60. 12 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1994. Principles of quality control in mass-reared arthropods, pp. 1-11. In G. Nicoli, M. Benuzzi, and N.C. Leppla (Eds.), Proceedings, Seventh Workshop of the IOBC Global Working Group on Quality control of Mass-Reared Arthropods. Rimini, Italy. September 13-16, 1993. 237 p.
• Bernon, G.L., and N.C. Leppla. 1994. Nutrition and quality control in mass rearing phytophagous insects, pp. 211-220. In J.P.R. Ochieng’-Odero (Ed.), Techniques of Insect Rearing for the Development of Integrated Pest and Vector management Strategies. Proc. International Group Training Course on Techniques of Insect Rearing for the Development of Integrated Pest and Vector Management Strategies. Nairobi, Kenya. 284p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1995. National Biological Control Institute Update, pp. 169-175. In Proc. of the National Plant Board Annual Meeting. Chicago, Illinois, July 1994. 236p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1995. Board Certified Entomologist’s News, the Annual Report. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Newsletter. 18(3):9-11.
• Leppla, N.C., and E.S. Delfosse. 1995. The Increasing Significance of Biological Control and an Overview of Regulations Governing Biological Control Organisms, pp. 9-19. In S.L.C. Fosbroke and K.W. Gottschalk (Eds.), Proceedings U.S. Dept. Agric. Interagency Gypsy Moth Research. U.S.F.S., N.E. Forest Expt. Sta. Gen. Tech. Rept. NE-213. 152 p.
• Siegel, P.D., S. Short, W.G. Jones, N.C. Leppla, D.M. Lewis, B. Ducatman, E.A. Ronk, T.A. Bledsoe, B. Husberg, E. Jennison, E. Janotkova, J.C. Mull, T.A. Shahan, N.H. Al-Hamandi, D. Freeland, J. Odencrantz, and E.L. Petsonk. 1995. Nasal lavage for exposure and health assessment, pp. 81-86. In H. Nordman et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Sixth U.S.-Finnish Joint Symposium on Occupational Health and Safety. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki. 199 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1996. Board Certified Entomologist’s News, the Annual Report. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Newsletter.
• Eden, W.G., C.V. Hoelscher, and N.C. Leppla. 1996. Location, Staffing, Management and Operation of the Screwworm Production Facility in Panama. A Report to the Secretary of Agriculture. 36p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1997. Dr. Norm Leppla takes the helm. Ornamental Research News. 4:1-4.
• Leppla, N.C. 1998. Roots and Traditions of the IOBC Global Working Group on Quality Control of Mass-Reared Arthropods. AMRQC Website. 4 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1998. Quality control in mass rearing. Proc. Int’l Conf. of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)- Theory and Practice, Developing Sustainable Agriculture, Guangzhou, China. 1 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1999. ESA Position Paper, “Insects and Biodiversity.” 3 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1999. Frass- From Where Did It Come? AMRQC Website. 2 p.
• Leppla, N.C. 1999. CAB International Data Sheet, “Mocis latipes.” 5 p.
• Osborne, R.S., N.C. Leppla, and L.S. Osborne. 2000. Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). UF, IFAS, Entomology and Nematology Dept., Featured Creatures.
• Osborne, R.S., N.C. Leppla, and L.S. Osborne. 2000. Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). UF, IFAS, Entomology and Nematology Dept., Featured Creatures.
• Adjei, M.B., W.T. Crow, G.C. Smart, J.H. Frank, and N.C. Leppla. 2000. Biological Control of Pasture Mole Crickets with Nematodes. Univ. of Fla. EDIS Extension Publ. No. ENY-9.
• Leppla, N.C. 2000. UF, IFAS, Annual Industry Report, Viticulture Advisory Council, p 3. In VAC 2000 Annual Progress Report to the Commissioner of Agriculture.
• Capinera, J.L., and N.C. Leppla. 2001. Shortwinged Mole cricket, Scapteriscus abbreviatus Scudder; Southern Mole Cricket, Scapterisucs borellii Giglio-Tos; and Tawny Mole Cricket, Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder (Insecta). Univ. of Fla. Featured Creatures Publication No. IN391.
• Leppla, N.C. 2001. Florida’s IPM Program: A View from the New IPM Coordinator. Citrus & Vegetable Magazine. November 2001: 34-35.
• Leppla, N.C. 2002. Mole Cricket Control Campaign Moves to Phase II: Statewide. Florida Turf Digest. 19:40-42.
• Buss, E.A., and N.C. Leppla. 2002. Mole Cricket Kit. University of Florida Extension Publication.
• Adjei, M.B., G.C. Smart, Jr., J.H. Frank, and N.C. Leppla. 2002. Timing the application of beneficial nematodes to mole cricket activity on pasture to optimize control. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. ENY-663.
• Osborne, R.S., N.C. Leppla and L.S. Osborne. 2002. (Updated in 2006) “Predatory Gall Midge (unofficial common name), Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). University of Florida Featured Creatures Publication No. ENY-269.
• Osborne, R.S., N.C. Leppla and L.S. Osborne. 2002. "Predatory Gall Midge" (unofficial common name), Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) (Insecta: Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IN549.
• Buss, E.A., J.L. Capinera, and N.C. Leppla. 2002. Mole crickets in Florida. University of Florida, IFAS, ENY-324.
• Wright, M.L. 2003. John Thomas Creighton, A Pioneer in Entomology Education at the University of Florida. Florida Entomologist. (written by N.C. Leppla).
• Denmark, H.A. 2003. Regulatory entomology and biological control: a tribute to Reece Sailer. Florida Entomologist. (written by N.C. Leppla).
• Leppla, N.C. 2003. Roots and traditions of the IOBC Global Working Group on Quality Control of Mass-Reared Arthropods, pp. 6-9. In N.C. Leppla, K.A. Bloem, and R.F. Luck (Eds.), Quality Control for Mass-Reared Arthropods, Proceedings of the 8th and 9th Workshops, IOBC Working Group on Quality Control of Mass-Reared Arthropods. IOBC, WPRS. 171 p.
• Larson, B.C., and N.C. Leppla. 2004. New Tomato and Pepper Extension Resources. Citrus & Vegetable Magazine. 68:18-20.
• Frank, J.H., N.C. Leppla, and N. Vicente. 2004. History of Turf’s Nastiest Pest Mole Crickets to the South. Florida Turf Digest. 21: 20-22.
• Sonke, D.J., and N.C. Leppla. 2004. IFAS’s IPM, BMPs, FYN and More: An Alphabet Soup of Good Environmental Programs for Florida. University of Florida, EDIS Extension Publication. No. IN-502.
• Frank, J.H., R.K. Sprenkel, and N.C. Leppla. 2006. Infectivity and Persistence of Steinernema scapterisci Nematodes Against Pasture Mole Crickets in Florida. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IN-502.
• HansPetersen, H.N., N.C. Leppla, and J.L. Gillett. 2006. Growing with the Guide. Citrus and Vegetable Magazine. 70:16-18.
• Gillett, J.L., N.C. Leppla, and J.H. Frank. 2006. How to Use Beneficial Nematodes against Pest Mole Crickets in Home Lawns. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IPM-144-S/IN675.
• Gillett, J.L., N.C. Leppla, and J.H. Frank. 2006. Como controlar los grillotopos en cespedes residenciales usando nematodos beneficios. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IPM-144-S/IN675.
• Frank, J.H., R.K. Sprenkel, and N.C. Leppla. 2006. Infectivity and Persistence of Steinernema scapterisci Nematodes Against Pasture Mole Crickets in Florida. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IN-502.
• Gillett J.L., N.C. Leppla, and D.J. Sonke. 2006. IFAS’s IPM, BMPs, FYN and More: An Alphabet Soup of Good Environmental Programs for Florida. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication No. IN-502.
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• Leppla, N.C. 2007. Building partnerships to support research on commercial natural enemies, pp. 82-85. In J.C. van Lenteren, P. DeClercq, and M.W. Johnson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11th Meeting of the IOBC Working Group, Arthropod Mass Rearing and Quality Control. Bulletin IOBC Global No. 3. Montreal, Canada.
• Leppla, N.C. 2007. Living With Lovebugs. University of Florida EDIS Extension Publication.
• Merritt J.L., N.C. Leppla, and J.L. Gillett. 2007. Tomato & Pepper Insects ID “Deck,” University of Florida, Extension Publication. SP 436.
• Leppla, N.C., and T. Sallin. 2009. Pest management a valued standard. Ornamental Outlook. June 2009: 19-20.
• Frank, J.H., and N.C. Leppla. 2009. How to Use Beneficial Nematodes Against pest Mole Crickets in Pastures (Extension brochure).
• Leppla, N.C., R.J. McGovern, and G.L. Hein. 2009. Report on the 6th International IPM Symposium Brainstorming Session: Education and Training in IPM. Portland, Oregon. Symposium website and IOBC News.
• Hall, D.G. 2008. A Biological Control Component to an Area-Wide Management Program for Diaphorina citri. Report of the USDA, ARS Biological Control Component Science Panel.
• Leppla, N.C. 2008. Southern Region State IPM Coordinators Position Statement on Federal Smith-Lever 3(d) Funding for State IPM programs (November 2008). Washington, DC.
• Leppla, N.C. 2008. Additional recommendations for improving the EIPM-CS RFA submitted to USDA CSREES by SERA-IEG 003, April 2009 Washington, DC.